Study of caudal ropivacaine with or without dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in paediatric genitourinary infraumbilical surgery: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Various studies have described the use of Dexmedetomidine with local anaesthetic drugs in caudal blocks for the management of postoperative pain in children. This study was designed to determine the analgesic effect of caudal Dexmedetomidine with Ropivacaine in paediatric genitourinary infraumbilical surgeries. Postoperative analgesic effects of caudal Ropivacaine with or without Dexmedetomidine in paediatric genitourinary infraumbilical were evaluated. This study was a prospective, interventional, comparative study conducted after ethical approval from the institute. Informed expressed consent was taken from each patient's guardians. The sample size was calculated to be 31 in each group. The two groups were randomly assigned and the intervention involved caudal epidural injection with either Ropivacaine combined with Dexmedetomidine or Ropivacaine with Normal Saline. Children receiving Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine had a significantly prolonged duration of analgesia compared to those receiving Ropivacaine alone (840.35 ± 149.97 vs. 412.90 ± 93.46 min, P < 0.001). Postoperative rFLACC scores were consistently lower in the Dexmedetomidine group, indicating better pain control (P < 0.05 at 6, 12, and 24 h). Total analgesic consumption was lower in the Dexmedetomidine group (500.67 ± 212.92 vs. 741.75 ± 268.06 mg, P < 0.01). No significant differences in adverse effects were observed between the groups. The addition of Dexmedetomidine to Ropivacaine in caudal epidural significantly prolongs analgesia, improves pain control, and reduces analgesic consumption in paediatric genitourinary infraumbilical surgeries.

Haloperidol-induced sudden cardiac arrest in a recently detected HIV and hepatitis C patient: A unique case report.

We herein described a case of a 45-year-old male recently detected with HIV and Hepatitis C who presented with signs of sepsis, developed delirium, and received haloperidol. Surprisingly, 10 min after intravenous administration, the patient developed Torsades de pointes and required immediate resuscitation. The report discusses the limited instances of cardiac arrest linked to haloperidol use, despite its generally perceived safety. The patient had no apparent risk factors, emphasizing the need for increased caution when administering haloperidol, particularly in critically ill patients with HIV and Hepatitis C.